Authors

Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine

Claude Bernard (1813–1878) was a French physiologist and one of the founders of modern experimental medicine. His work, including An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, emphasizes that observations and theories must be tested by experiment.

Quotes: 1

Quotes by Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine

We must trust our observations or our theories only after experimental verification. — Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine

Why Experiment Must Test Ideas and Observations

Claude Bernard’s statement places experiment at the heart of reliable knowledge. Neither raw observation nor elegant theory is enough on its own, because both can mislead us when left untested.

Created on: 7/13/2026