Each Achievement Becomes the Next Starting Point
Created at: September 2, 2025
Arriving at one goal is the starting point to another. — John Dewey
Dewey’s Pragmatic ‘Ends-in-View’
John Dewey’s line crystallizes a core principle of pragmatism: goals are not terminal destinations but instruments for further inquiry. In Human Nature and Conduct (1922), he calls aims “ends-in-view,” emphasizing that they guide action while remaining open to revision as experience unfolds. Likewise, Democracy and Education (1916) frames education as a living process where every resolved problem suggests new questions. Thus, arriving anywhere worthwhile refines our sense of where to head next, making arrival and departure two sides of the same act of learning.
Learning as an Ongoing Cycle
Building on this, Dewey’s How We Think (1910) describes reflective thought as a loop: we confront a difficulty, form hypotheses, test them, and then reinterpret results into fresh aims. Modern educational psychology echoes this pattern; David Kolb’s experiential learning cycle (1984) similarly moves from concrete experience to reflection, conceptualization, and experimentation. When a student finally solves quadratic equations, that achievement naturally opens onto modeling motion or optimization—new horizons made visible by prior success.
The Spiral of Curriculum
Consequently, curriculum design thrives on repetition with ascent, not linear coverage. Dewey’s Experience and Education (1938) argues for continuity of experience, where today’s mastery is tomorrow’s scaffold. Jerome Bruner’s spiral curriculum (The Process of Education, 1960) operationalizes this: learners revisit core ideas at increasing complexity. A child wiring a simple circuit later returns to electricity through Ohm’s law, then semiconductors, and eventually power systems; each milestone reframes the next set of questions.
Iterative Design and Product Making
Extending from classrooms to studios, designers embody Dewey’s insight by treating releases as hypotheses. The Lean Startup method (Eric Ries, 2011) formalizes build–measure–learn loops, where version 1.0’s “arrival” becomes data for version 2.0’s aim. IDEO’s prototyping ethos and the Wright brothers’ 1901 wind-tunnel experiments show how each prototype sets a sharper target for the next. In this way, success is not a finish line but a feedback-rich waypoint.
Science as Successive Approximations
Likewise in science, knowledge advances by provisional goals that invite refinement. Karl Popper’s The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934) portrays progress through bold conjectures and refutations, where a solved puzzle exposes anomalies for future work. Newton’s mechanics enabled celestial prediction; Einstein’s relativity re-aimed physics at spacetime; today, quantum gravity research takes that baton. Each breakthrough simultaneously concludes one inquiry and inaugurates another.
Personal Growth and Democratic Life
On a personal level, milestones—first job, certification, promotion—redefine competence and clarify the next stretch goal; SMART targets become stepping-stones rather than endpoints. Dewey extended this rhythm to public life as well: in The Public and Its Problems (1927), democracy is a habit of ongoing problem-solving, not a settled state. Policy wins therefore seed new deliberations—arrivals that responsibly launch the next collective journey.