Ambition Without Apology: De Beauvoir’s Expansive Imperative
Refuse smallness; insist on the breadth of your ambitions. — Simone de Beauvoir
Existential Freedom Over Self-Contraction
De Beauvoir’s aphorism distills an existential ethic: to exist is to project oneself beyond the given. “Smallness” names the temptation to shrink one’s horizon to what feels safe or sanctioned. While Sartre labeled this evasion “bad faith,” de Beauvoir, especially in The Ethics of Ambiguity (1947), insists that fleeing our freedom reduces us to spectators of our own lives. To “insist on the breadth” of ambition is therefore not bravado; it is the sober choice to take responsibility for a scope of action proportionate to human possibility rather than to social permission. With this reframing, ambition becomes less a matter of personal glory and more an affirmation of freedom itself, preparing the ground for an ethical account of why breadth must include others.
Ambition as an Ethical Responsibility
In The Ethics of Ambiguity (1947), de Beauvoir argues that freedom finds meaning only when it wills the freedom of others. Breadth, then, is an ethical vector: a wide ambition should open space for additional agents, not merely magnify the self. Ambiguity remains—our projects are finite, entangled with limits—yet action is still required, because not choosing is itself a choice. Thus, refusing smallness is not naïve boosterism but a commitment to shoulder consequences at scale. Teachers who build institutions, artists who enlarge a culture’s vocabulary, and founders who reconfigure access all practice this ethic. Having established that breadth is relational, de Beauvoir turns to the specific social mechanisms that have historically narrowed horizons, most notably those structured by gender.
Escaping Immanence: Gender and The Second Sex
In The Second Sex (1949), de Beauvoir differentiates immanence—repetitive, enclosed activity—from transcendence—self-surpassing projects. Gendered norms confined women to immanence, making “smallness” appear natural. To refuse it is to reclaim transcendence against habits and institutions that domesticate potential. Her Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter (1958) shows this struggle intimately: she pursued rigorous study for the philosophy agrégation despite expectations of domestic conformity. Thus, the imperative to expand ambition is both personal and political; it contests the scripts that shrink lives. Having identified these constraints, the question becomes methodological: how does one design ambitions that are truly expansive rather than merely louder versions of the same enclosure?
Projects, Risk, and the Wider Horizon
For de Beauvoir, ambition takes the shape of a “project”—an organized orientation that reorders time, skill, and allies. Projects imply risk; contingency will resist and sometimes overturn our plans. Yet breadth is precisely the willingness to select problems that may exceed one lifetime and to build scaffolds—stages, successors, institutions—that keep them advancing. Pragmatically, this means defining horizons rather than job titles, cultivating compound competencies, and seeking productive friction that stretches capacity. It also means measuring progress by the enlargement of meaning and mutual freedom, not by applause. From this vantage, exemplars help clarify how wide-ranging projects become vehicles of shared emancipation rather than instruments of private accumulation.
Exemplars—and the Difference from Greed
Consider Marie Curie, who pursued radioactivity despite institutional barriers and later directed discovery toward mobile X-ray units during World War I; here, breadth linked mastery with service. Or Toni Morrison, who amplified other writers as an editor before The Bluest Eye (1970) and Beloved (1987) reconfigured American memory; her ambition widened narrative space for Black experience. Likewise, Wangari Maathai’s Green Belt Movement (1977) bound reforestation to women’s livelihoods, turning ecology into civic agency. These cases show breadth as emancipation. By contrast, greed hoards titles and narrows others’ options. Breadth selects aims that enlarge the possibility space. With this distinction in view, we can see why expansive ambition often requires collective vehicles capable of enduring beyond any single person.
The Collective Scale of Ambition
De Beauvoir modeled ambition that migrates from self to structure. With Jean-Paul Sartre she co-founded Les Temps modernes (1945), widening the public’s access to engaged philosophy and literature. Later, she signed the Manifesto of the 343 (1971), risking prosecution to challenge France’s abortion laws—an act aligning personal conviction with legal transformation. Such examples reveal a pattern: ambitious freedom needs institutions, coalitions, and policy to sustain its wideness. Refusing smallness thus includes designing platforms—journals, clinics, labs, mutual-aid networks—through which many can act. Having scaled the vision, what remains is the daily craft that makes breadth durable rather than a burst of enthusiasm.
Daily Disciplines That Refuse Smallness
Breadth is enacted through routine. Ring-fence deep work, levy principled no’s on trivial obligations, and rotate domains to keep horizons wide. De Beauvoir often drafted for long hours at Paris cafés like Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots, illustrating how a stable environment can nurture expansive thought. Simple rituals help: curate “stretch” reading lists, maintain a project journal asking, “Whose freedom does this advance?”, and schedule recovery so ambition remains humane. Build succession into plans, mentor generously, and translate private insight into public artifacts. Over time, these habits compound into a life that, in de Beauvoir’s spirit, refuses smallness, insists on breadth, and steadily enlarges what can be willed together.