Yet refinement is relational: a just no targets actions and structures, not human worth. Hannah Arendt in *On Violence* (1970) differentiates power grounded in collective consent from coercion; nonviolent refusal seeks to rebuild that shared power without dehumanization. South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1996) refused impunity while inviting testimony and repair, aligning justice with social healing.
Thus, Roy’s counsel culminates in a practice: decline with design, protest with proposals, and set boundaries that cultivate belonging. When refusal becomes a craft of care, it not only rejects the unworthy—it reveals what we are ready to build. [...]
