Consequently, the practical corollary is resilient design. C. S. Holling’s 1973 work on ecosystem resilience emphasizes diversity, redundancy, and modularity to absorb shocks. In applied terms: diversify inputs and revenue; shorten feedback loops; run pilots before scale; keep strategic exit options; and maintain buffers for bad days. As Nassim Taleb’s Antifragile (2012) argues, small, frequent adjustments create systems that learn from stress. In this way, Wells’s imperative becomes a method—continuous, ethical adaptation rather than a desperate last resort. [...]
