Openness also intersects with risk. Debates over publishing H5N1 transmissibility studies (2011–12) led the U.S. National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) to recommend redactions, and more recently to expand oversight of dual-use research (2023). Similar concerns surround gene drives and AI-enabled design of biological sequences. Thus, a balanced framework—rapid sharing with vetted safeguards, transparent risk assessment, and norms for responsible conduct—allows science to remain a commons without becoming a conduit for harm. [...]
